The Genoese built a fortress on the
site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family first
seized temporary control in 1297, and again in 1331, but were not able to
permanently secure their holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred
in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a
casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and
gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation
center.
(Source: The World Factbook 2009.
Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2009)
For more information about Monaco:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html
